Tajikistan Phone Numbers: Format, Area Code & Validation Guide

Introduction

Understanding Tajikistan phone number format is essential for developers implementing SMS services, authentication systems, or contact validation in Central Asia. This comprehensive guide covers the +992 country code system, including ITU-T E.164 validation rules, regex patterns, area codes for major cities like Dushanbe and Khujand, and mobile operator prefixes.

You'll master Tajik number structure, validation techniques, operator identification (Tcell, MegaFon, ZET-Mobile, Babilon Mobile), and best practices for storing and formatting phone numbers in your applications.

Tajikistan Telecommunications System Overview

Tajikistan's telecommunications landscape has modernized significantly since independence in 1991. The numbering plan evolved from the Soviet-era system to comply with International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) Recommendation E.164 standards while accommodating local requirements.

The Communications Service under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan manages the National Electric Communications Numbering Plan and issues number ranges to operators. This regulatory authority ensures standardization across the country's hybrid system supporting legacy and modern technologies.

Understanding this evolution helps you anticipate edge cases and maintain compatibility with older systems still in use.

Tajikistan Phone Number Structure and Format

Tajikistan employs a hierarchical system enabling efficient routing across regions. Complete phone numbers contain 9 digits (excluding country code) per ITU-T E.164 standards.

Core Components of Tajikistan Phone Numbers

• Country Code: +992 (ITU-T assigned international prefix)
• Area Code: 2 to 4 digits for geographic numbers (varies by region)
• Subscriber Number: 5 to 7 digits (length depends on area code)
• Total National Significant Number (NSN) Length: 9 digits

Account for this variability in your validation and formatting logic.

Geographic Numbers and Area Codes

Fixed-line numbers follow regional variations:

interface GeographicNumber {
  countryCode: '+992';
  areaCode: string;   // 2-4 digits
  subscriber: string; // 5-7 digits (total NSN = 9 digits)
}

Real-world examples:

• Dushanbe (capital): +992 372 123456 (area code 372, 6-digit subscriber)
• Khujand: +992 3422 12345 (area code 3422, 5-digit subscriber)
• Kulyab: +992 3322 12345 (area code 3322, 5-digit subscriber)
• Khorog (Badakhshan): +992 352 123456 (area code 352, 6-digit subscriber)

Area code length varies by city – handle these differences gracefully.

Major Area Codes by Region:

• 31 zone: Dushanbe and central regions (372 for Dushanbe)
• 32 zone: Khatlon area – Kurgonteppa (322)
• 33 zone: Khatlon area – Kulyab (332)
• 34 zone: Sogd area – Khujand (3422), other Sogd cities (344)
• 35 zone: Mountain-Autonomous Region Badakhshan – Khorog (352)

Mobile Phone Numbers and Operator Prefixes

Mobile numbers use architecture optimized for cellular networks. Tajikistan has 4 mobile operators as of 2024: Tcell, MegaFon Tajikistan, ZET-Mobile (formerly Beeline), and Babilon Mobile.

interface MobileNumber {
  countryCode: '+992';
  operatorPrefix: string; // 90, 91, 92, 93, 98, 918
  subscriber: string;     // 7 digits
}

Mobile Operator Prefixes (2024):

• Tcell: 92, 93 (largest operator)
• MegaFon Tajikistan: 90 (third-largest with ~20% market share as of 2014)
• ZET-Mobile (formerly Beeline): 91
• Babilon Mobile: 918, 98

Examples:

• Tcell: +992 92 1234567
• MegaFon: +992 90 7654321
• ZET-Mobile: +992 91 9876543
• Babilon Mobile: +992 918 123456 or +992 98 1234567

Critical: Mobile Number Portability (MNP) is NOT currently implemented in Tajikistan. Subscribers cannot switch operators while retaining numbers. Messages and calls route based on original carrier prefix assignments – you can reliably determine operators from prefixes without MNP database lookups.

Network Technology (2024):

• 2G: 900 MHz and 1800 MHz
• 3G: 2100 MHz
• 4G/LTE: 800 MHz (Tcell), 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz (Babilon, MegaFon, ZET-Mobile) – launched 2014

Validate Tajikistan Phone Numbers with Regex

Implement robust validation using these regex patterns:

const patterns = {
  // Geographic numbers: +992 followed by 2-4 digit area code and 5-7 digit subscriber (total 9 digits)
  geographic: /^\+992(3[1-5]\d{1,2}|[234]\d{2,3})\d{5,7}$/,

  // Mobile numbers: +992 followed by operator prefix (90, 91, 92, 93, 98, 918) and 7 digits
  mobile: /^\+992(90|91|92|93|98|918)\d{7}$/,

  // Special service numbers (emergency, directory, etc.)
  special: /^\+992(0[1-4]|112)$/,

  // Combined pattern for any valid Tajik number
  any: /^\+992((3[1-5]\d{1,2}|[234]\d{2,3})\d{5,7}|(90|91|92|93|98|918)\d{7}|0[1-4]|112)$/
};

function validateTajikNumber(number, type = 'any') {
  // Remove spaces and hyphens for validation
  const cleaned = number.replace(/[\s\-]/g, '');
  return patterns[type].test(cleaned);
}

// Operator detection for mobile numbers (no MNP in Tajikistan)
function getOperator(mobileNumber) {
  const cleaned = mobileNumber.replace(/[\s\-]/g, '');
  const match = cleaned.match(/^\+992(90|91|92|93|98|918)/);

  if (!match) return null;

  const prefix = match[1];
  const operators = {
    '92': 'Tcell',
    '93': 'Tcell',
    '90': 'MegaFon Tajikistan',
    '91': 'ZET-Mobile',
    '98': 'Babilon Mobile',
    '918': 'Babilon Mobile'
  };

  return operators[prefix] || 'Unknown';
}

These patterns enforce ITU-T E.164 structure for Tajikistan:

• Variable-length area codes (2–4 digits) for geographic numbers
• All current mobile operator prefixes (90, 91, 92, 93, 98, 918)
• Emergency service numbers (01–04, 112)
• Total NSN length of 9 digits

Test patterns thoroughly with valid and invalid inputs. Consider edge cases like leading/trailing whitespace and different input formats.

Special Service Numbers:

• Emergency: 112 (universal emergency number)
• Fire: 01
• Police: 02
• Ambulance: 03
• Gas emergency: 04

Format Tajikistan Phone Numbers for Display

Consistent formatting improves user experience:

function formatTajikNumber(number, type = 'mobile') {
  // Strip all non-numeric characters except leading +
  const cleaned = number.replace(/[^\d+]/g, '');

  // Remove +992 prefix if present for processing
  const digits = cleaned.replace(/^\+992/, '');

  // Format based on type and detected pattern
  if (type === 'mobile' || /^(90|91|92|93|98|918)/.test(digits)) {
    // Mobile format: +992 XX XXX XXXX or +992 XXX XXX XXX
    if (digits.startsWith('918')) {
      return `+992 ${digits.slice(0, 3)} ${digits.slice(3, 6)} ${digits.slice(6)}`;
    }
    return `+992 ${digits.slice(0, 2)} ${digits.slice(2, 5)} ${digits.slice(5)}`;
  } else if (type === 'geographic') {
    // Geographic format varies by area code length
    // Dushanbe (372): +992 372 XX XX XX
    if (digits.startsWith('372')) {
      return `+992 372 ${digits.slice(3, 5)} ${digits.slice(5, 7)} ${digits.slice(7)}`;
    }
    // 4-digit area codes (e.g., 3422 Khujand): +992 3422 X XX XX
    if (/^3[1-5]\d{2}/.test(digits)) {
      return `+992 ${digits.slice(0, 4)} ${digits.slice(4, 5)} ${digits.slice(5, 7)} ${digits.slice(7)}`;
    }
    // 3-digit area codes: +992 3XX XX XX XX
    return `+992 ${digits.slice(0, 3)} ${digits.slice(3, 5)} ${digits.slice(5, 7)} ${digits.slice(7)}`;
  }

  // Default E.164 format
  return `+992${digits}`;
}

This function handles variable-length area codes and operator prefixes, producing human-readable formats while maintaining E.164 compliance for storage.

Best Practices: Storing Phone Numbers in E.164 Format

Always store Tajikistan phone numbers in E.164 format (+992XXXXXXXXX) for consistency and global interoperability. This international standard ensures your database maintains clean, parseable data. Maintain separate database fields for country code, area code, and subscriber number to enable efficient querying, analytics, and reporting across your telecommunications or CRM system.

Adapt Display Format by Context

Choose display format based on context:

• Domestic Display: Use local formatting conventions for familiar user experience
• International Context: Use E.164 format for global consistency
• User Location: Consider user location for automatic formatting – this dynamic approach enhances usability

Advanced Validation: Layered Approach

Apply validation in layers:

• Basic Validation: Check correct length and format
• Advanced Validation: Verify against known area codes and operator prefixes
• Number Portability: No MNP validation needed (not implemented in Tajikistan)
• Special Numbers: Handle special service numbers separately – they use different formats and functionalities

Mobile Number Portability (MNP) in Tajikistan

Critical Update (2024): Mobile Number Portability is NOT implemented in Tajikistan. The Communications Service under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan has not established MNP regulatory framework.

Implications:

• Identify operators reliably using prefix matching (no database lookup required)
• Subscribers must change numbers when switching operators
• Routing uses original carrier prefix assignments
• No MNP database integration needed for Tajikistan operations

// Simplified operator detection (no MNP lookup required)
function getOperatorFromPrefix(mobileNumber) {
  const cleaned = mobileNumber.replace(/[\s\-]/g, '');
  const match = cleaned.match(/^\+992(90|91|92|93|98|918)/);

  if (!match) {
    throw new Error('Invalid Tajik mobile number format');
  }

  const prefix = match[1];
  const operatorMap = {
    '92': { name: 'Tcell', network: '4G/LTE (800 MHz)' },
    '93': { name: 'Tcell', network: '4G/LTE (800 MHz)' },
    '90': { name: 'MegaFon Tajikistan', network: '4G/LTE (1800/2100 MHz)' },
    '91': { name: 'ZET-Mobile', network: '4G/LTE (1800/2100 MHz)' },
    '98': { name: 'Babilon Mobile', network: '4G/LTE (1800/2100 MHz)' },
    '918': { name: 'Babilon Mobile', network: '4G/LTE (1800/2100 MHz)' }
  };

  return operatorMap[prefix] || { name: 'Unknown', network: 'Unknown' };
}

Note: If MNP launches in the future, integrate with the MNP database managed by the Communications Service. Monitor regulatory updates at cs.gov.tj.

Error Handling for Phone Number Validation

Create an error handling matrix for common scenarios:

This matrix ensures smooth user experience during failures.

Security Best Practices for Phone Number Data

Protect user data with robust security:

• API Authentication: Use OAuth 2.0 or similar secure methods to protect endpoints
• Data Protection: Encrypt phone numbers during transmission and storage – use secure key management and comply with data privacy regulations
• Logging: Never store raw phone numbers in logs or debug output – always use masked versions for troubleshooting

Conclusion

Successfully implementing Tajikistan phone number validation requires applying the regex patterns, E.164 formatting standards, and operator prefix rules detailed in this guide. Store all numbers in international E.164 format (+992XXXXXXXXX), validate against current mobile operator prefixes (Tcell: 92/93, MegaFon: 90, ZET-Mobile: 91, Babilon: 98/918), and leverage the absence of MNP for reliable operator identification.

For additional country-specific phone number formats and validation guides, explore our comprehensive resource library. Monitor cs.gov.tj for regulatory updates and ITU-T E.164 changes to ensure long-term compatibility as Tajikistan's telecommunications landscape evolves.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the phone number format for Tajikistan?

Tajikistan uses the +992 country code followed by a 9-digit national significant number. Geographic numbers have 2–4 digit area codes (e.g., Dushanbe 372) plus 5–7 digit subscribers. Mobile numbers use 2–3 digit operator prefixes (90, 91, 92, 93, 98, 918) plus 7-digit subscribers. Complete format: +992 XXX XXXXXX for geographic or +992 XX XXX XXXX for mobile.

What is the area code for Dushanbe, Tajikistan?

Dushanbe uses area code 372. Complete number format: +992 372 XXXXXX (6-digit subscriber number). Example: +992 372 123456. Other major cities use different codes: Khujand (3422), Kulyab (332), Kurgonteppa (322), and Khorog (352).

Which mobile operators serve Tajikistan in 2024?

Tajikistan has 4 mobile operators: Tcell (prefixes 92, 93 – largest operator), MegaFon Tajikistan (prefix 90 – ~20% market share), ZET-Mobile formerly Beeline (prefix 91), and Babilon Mobile (prefixes 98, 918). All operators provide 4G/LTE coverage on various frequency bands.

How do I validate Tajikistan phone numbers with regex?

Use this comprehensive regex pattern: /^\+992((3[1-5]\d{1,2}|[234]\d{2,3})\d{5,7}|(90|91|92|93|98|918)\d{7}|0[1-4]|112)$/. This validates geographic numbers (variable area codes), mobile numbers (all operator prefixes), and emergency numbers. Always remove spaces/hyphens before validation: number.replace(/[\s\-]/g, '').

Is mobile number portability (MNP) available in Tajikistan?

No, Mobile Number Portability is NOT implemented in Tajikistan as of 2024. The Communications Service under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan has not established MNP regulatory framework. Subscribers must change numbers when switching operators. You can reliably identify operators from prefixes without MNP database lookups.

What ITU-T standard does Tajikistan follow for phone numbers?

Tajikistan follows ITU-T Recommendation E.164, the international standard for telephone numbering. The country code +992 was assigned by ITU-T. The complete national significant number (NSN) length is 9 digits, adhering to E.164 specifications for consistent international routing and interoperability.

How do I identify the mobile operator from a Tajikistan number?

Extract the prefix after +992: prefixes 92 and 93 indicate Tcell, prefix 90 is MegaFon Tajikistan, prefix 91 is ZET-Mobile, and prefixes 98 or 918 are Babilon Mobile. Since MNP is not implemented, prefix-based identification is 100% reliable. Use regex: /^\+992(90|91|92|93|98|918)/ to extract and match.

What are the emergency numbers in Tajikistan?

Tajikistan uses 112 as the universal emergency number. Traditional emergency numbers: 01 (Fire), 02 (Police), 03 (Ambulance), 04 (Gas Emergency). Emergency numbers use special validation patterns and don't follow standard geographic or mobile formats.

What network technologies do Tajikistan mobile operators use?

All 4 operators support 2G (900/1800 MHz), 3G (2100 MHz), and 4G/LTE. Tcell uses 800 MHz for LTE, while MegaFon, ZET-Mobile, and Babilon Mobile use 1800/2100 MHz bands. 4G/LTE launched in 2014. Network coverage varies by region, with best coverage in Dushanbe and major cities.

How should I store and display Tajikistan phone numbers?

Storage: Use E.164 format (+992XXXXXXXXX) for consistency and international interoperability. Store country code, area code, and subscriber separately for flexible querying. Display: Format domestically as +992 372 XX XX XX (geographic) or +992 92 XXX XXXX (mobile). Use E.164 for international contexts. Adapt formatting based on user location for optimal experience.

Summary: Implementing Tajikistan Phone Number Validation

Successfully integrate Tajikistan's telecommunications system by applying the ITU-T E.164 compliant validation patterns, operator prefix identification, and formatting conventions detailed in this guide. Your implementation handles the unique characteristics of Tajikistan's numbering plan: variable-length area codes (2–4 digits), four distinct mobile operators with specific prefixes, and the absence of mobile number portability.

Key implementation requirements include validating the +992 country code, supporting all current operator prefixes (Tcell: 92/93, MegaFon: 90, ZET-Mobile: 91, Babilon Mobile: 98/918), handling regional area codes (Dushanbe 372, Khujand 3422, Kulyab 332, Kurgonteppa 322, Khorog 352), and storing numbers in E.164 format for international consistency.

Since MNP is not implemented, operator identification through prefix matching provides reliable routing without database lookups. Monitor the Communications Service under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan (cs.gov.tj) for regulatory updates, including potential MNP implementation that would require integration adjustments.

Your Tajikistan phone number validation system now supports accurate formatting, comprehensive error handling, and secure data management practices essential for telecommunications, SMS messaging, authentication systems, and customer relationship management platforms operating in Central Asia.